Ph.D., is an economist, and the founder and director of the Center for Research on Post-Industrial Societies. From 2002 to 2012, he was Editor-in-Chief of the Svobodnaya Mysl (Free Thought) journal. Between 2011 and 2014, he served as department chair at the Faculty of Public Administration at Moscow State University (MSU) and Professor at Higher School of Economics. Since 2014, he has worked outside Russia as a researcher at the Institute for Human Sciences (Vienna), the Center for Strategic and International Studies and Johns Hopkins University (Washington, D.C.), the German Council on Foreign Relations (Berlin), and other academic institutions.