Putin’s 2012 decrees have triggered widespread manipulation of cause-of-death data ever since, with cardiovascular deaths re-coded into other categories to meet political targets
Russia’s economy has adapted to war but stalled. Fiscal strength masks decline as innovation and talent drain away – giving way to stagnation
Putin seeks to secure the Donbas and limit Ukraine’s sovereignty, yet military shortfalls and shifting public opinion leave the Kremlin with few strategic options
Young and working-age men in Russia are dying at sharply elevated rates, especially in poorer regions. With official data increasingly restricted, indirect indicators offer a glimpse of the true scale of Russia’s wartime casualties
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